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John Benjamin Murphy
John Benjamin Murphy, born John Murphy (December 21, 1857 in Appleton, Wisconsin – August 11, 1916 Mackinac Island, Michigan), was an American physician and abdominal surgeon noted for advocating early surgical intervention in appendicitis appendectomy, and several eponyms: Murphy’s button,〔Griffith, B.; Yao, J.(2000) Journal of the American College of Surgeons ''(A Centennial History of the Chicago Surgical Society. )'' Volume 191 , Issue 4 , Pages 419 - 434.〕 Murphy drip,〔〔Journal of the American Medical Association (April 17, 1909) ''Proctoclysys in the Treatment of Peritonitis (the Murphy Drip).''〕 Murphy’s punch, Murphy’s test, and Murphy-Lane bone skid. He is best remembered for the eponymous clinical sign that is used in evaluating patients with acute cholecystitis.〔 His career spanned general surgery, orthopedics, neurosurgery, and cardiothoracic surgery, which helped him to gain international prominence in the surgical profession.〔 Mayo Clinic co-founder William James Mayo called him "the surgical genius of our generation".〔
Over the course of his career he was renowned as a surgeon, a clinician, a teacher, an innovator, and an author. In addition to general surgical operations, such as appendectomy, cholecystostomy, bowel resection for intestinal obstruction, and mastectomy, he performed and described innovative procedures in neurosurgery, orthopedics, gynecology, urology, plastic surgery, thoracic surgery, and vascular surgery. He also ventured into techniques such as neurorrhaphy, arthroplasty, prostatectomy, nephrectomy, hysterectomy, bone grafting, and thoracoplasty.〔
==Life and death==
Murphy was born in a log cabin in Appleton, Wisconsin.〔 His parents, Michael Murphy and Ann Grimes Murphy,〔 were Irish immigrants who escaped from the potato famine and who later raised him on their own farm. He was a striking, mercurial figure: tall and strong with a red beard and mustache.〔Sarah Regal Riedman, ''Masters of the Scalpel: The Story of Surgery'', p.272, Rand McNally, 1962〕〔''The Journal of the International College of Surgeons'', vol.32, no.1, p.20, July 1959.〕
Murphy died of heart disease in Mackinac Island, Michigan after having been ill for six months.〔 He was staying at the Grand Hotel and was attended by his wife and Drs. L. L. MacArthur and James Keefe.〔 After he suffered from angina pectoris for several years,〔 his death was attributed to aortitis. Two days prior to his death he correctly predicted the findings of his own autopsy: "I think the necropsy will show plaques in my aorta."〔
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